What kind of nature conservation has real impact? And how can we best organise our interventions accordingly? To answer these questions, Dr Pablo Negret from the Wyss Academy's Land Systems and Sustainability Transformations research team, in collaboration with the Wyss Academy’s Hub South America, investigated the impact of different forms of governance on forest loss in the Peruvian Amazon - as well as the associated CO2 emissions. The governance systems analysed include nature reserves, Indigenous territories and concessions for non-timber forest products. The study covers the period between 2000 and 2021 and also analyses logging and mining concessions for comparison. The method: As part of a counterfactual analysis, scenarios without the governance systems described were simulated in order to understand their impact on forest loss and CO2 emissions. The study shows that protected areas are most effective in preventing forest loss, but also provides robust evidence for the long-term positive impact of possible alternative conservation measures - i.e. Indigenous territories or non-timber forest product concessions. These findings are essential for achieving various goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
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